SCIENZE DELLA PREVENZIONE RADIOPROTEZIONE E CONTROLLI DI QUALITA'

Learning Objectives

• Electrical and Electronic Measurements

  The specific training objectives, which are functional to the professional figure that the course intends to train, that is the expert in the field of electronic electrical measurements, sensors and transduction elements inherent the field of radiology medical for pictures and radiotherapy.

  In this context, the course aims to train technicians with a suitable basic scientific training and adequate competences of the general technical-scientific content and methods of electronic engineering with particular emphasis on the basic of metrology.

• Radiobiology e Radioprotection

  To acquire knowledge about the following topics:

  • Theoretical principles of radiobiology
  • Interaction of ionizing radiations with human body
  • Principles of dose fractionation in radiotehrapy
  • Technical aspects of radioprotection
• The physics of instrumentation and devices

  The main objective of the lectures is the knowledge of the physics fundamentals of instrumentation useful to medical diagnostics and therapy.

Detailed Course Content

• Electrical and Electronic Measurements

  Outline of measurement systems

  Block diagram of a measurement system. Influence and Interference. Compensation process.

  Examples of instruments: the mAmpere-meter, the pressure gauge.

  Elements of Metrology

  Measurements. International System of Units. Uncertainty A and B. Calibration diagram. Sensitivity and resolution in measuring instrument

  The analog oscilloscope

  Block diagram of the analog oscilloscope. Working principle. Main controls of the oscilloscope.

  The digital oscilloscope

  Block diagram of the digital oscilloscope. Sampling of an analog signal. Criteria of selecting a sampling procedure. Comparison between analog and digital oscilloscope.

  Virtual Instruments PC-based, LabView and acquisition boards.

  Sensors

  Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs), strain gauge, accelerometer, fluxgate magnetometer, conditioning circuits.

  Experimental activities

• Radiobiology e Radioprotection

  Theoretical principles of radiobiology and interactions between ionizing radiations with human body

  Theoretical principles of radioprotection

• The physics of instrumentation and devices

  X-ray production and properties: fundamentals. X-ray tube design. The X-ray spectrum. Electrical characteristics. The supply generator. Control circuits. Exposure control.

  Interactions of X- and gamma radiation with matter. Photon attenuation and absorption coefficients. Interactions with atom. Subject contrast. Radiation dose. Detectors.

  Analog images. Vision. Image detector surface. Image quality factors. Scatter and grids. Image quality measurement.

  The digital image. Signal input. The image matrix. Digital image quality. Digital image processing. Digital image detectors: computed radiography. Direct radiography. Digital fluorography.

  Computed tomography. Basic sequential scanner design. Single slice helical/spiral computed tomogaphy. Multislice spiral computed tomography. Computed tomography. radiation dose.

  Magnetic resonance: principles. The proton in a magnetic field. Relaxation time constants. Pulse sequences. T1 and T2 signal measurement. Magnetic resonance imaging.

Textbook Information

• Electrical and Electronic Measurements

  A. Brandolini, R. Ottoboni, Fondamenti di metrologia, società editrice Esculapio

  G. Iuculano, D.Mirri, Misure elettroniche, CEDAM

  E. O. Doebelin, Measurement systems, McGraw Hill

  Norme UNI 4546, lecture notes

• Radiobiology e Radioprotection

  Diagnostica per immagini e Radioterapia - Cittadini

• The physics of instrumentation and devices

  Dowsett David J., Kenny Patrick A., Johnston R. Eugene, The Physics of Diagnostics Imaging, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group.

  Lecture notes provided during the course.