IGIENE E INGEGNERIA SANITARIA AMBIENTALE

Module IGIENE GENERALE E AMBIENTALE

 - have basic knowledge of epidemiology and the general principles of primordial, primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary prevention of infectious and multifactorial diseases. 

 - have the scientific basis for the identification, quantification and control of contaminants in living and working environments; in particular it should be able to identify the main classes of contaminants in the different environmental matrices, describe their mechanisms of action with particular reference to gene-environment interactions, illustrate the main stages of the assessment and estimation of health risk.

Lectures with the help of video projections of slides in MS PowerPoint presentation format.

If the teaching is given in a mixed or remote mode, the necessary changes with respect to what was previously stated may be introduced, in order to respect the program envisaged and reported in the syllabus.

Definitions and objectives of Hygiene and Public Health.

Health education.

Health promotion.

The concept of health according to the World Health Organization.

The health of the population and its determinants.

General principles of prevention: primordial, primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary prevention.

Definition, objectives and tasks of Epidemiology.

Descriptive epidemiological measures: ratios, proportions, rates, incidence and prevalence.

Epidemiological measures of risk: absolute risk, relative risk, odds ratio, differential risk, attributable risk in the exposed and in the population.

General epidemiology of infectious diseases: general concepts, epidemiological model of infectious diseases. Sources of infection, routes of elimination and routes of penetration of pathogenic microorganisms, transmission of infectious diseases. Trend of infectious diseases in the community.

Prevention of infectious diseases: notification of infectious diseases, diagnostic assessment, epidemiological investigation, default measures (isolation, quarantine), health surveillance. Sterilization and disinfection by physical and chemical means. Outlines of pest control. Immune prophylaxis: vaccine prophylaxis and seroprophylaxis.

Food hygiene. Food security and health of populations. Epidemiology of foodborne diseases. Food contaminants.

General epidemiology and prevention of multifactorial diseases (chronic-degenerative or non-communicable): general concepts, epidemiological model, risk and protective factors, prevention of the main chronic-degenerative diseases. The Global Burden of Disease Study (mortality and life expectancy, disability).

Hints of health organization.

Risk analysis

Main pollutants of the air matrix, indoor environment, sources of exposure and health risks

Main pollutants of the air matrix, outdoor environment, sources of exposure and health risks

Noise, vibrations and non-ionizing radiation.

Main pollutants of the water matrix, sources of exposure and health risks

Main pollutants of the soil matrix, sources of exposure and health risks

Solid waste and liquid waste

Gene-environment interactions

1)    Ricciardi W, Boccia S. Igiene. Medicina preventiva. Sanità pubblica. Idelson-Gnocchi, 2021

2)    GILLI G. Professione igienista. Manuale dell’Igiene ambientale e territoriale. Casa editrice Ambrosiana. 2014

The evaluation of the knowledge acquired by the students is carried out by means of a written test (this test may be supplemented by an oral test at the discretion of the teacher) aimed at verifying the learning of the various aspects of the subject and at evaluating the critical ability of the student.

Verification of learning can also be carried out electronically (oral exam), should the conditions require it.

Levels of prevention

Health determinants

Risk measures

Frequency measurements

Reservoir and source of infection

Vehicle and carrier

Risk analysis

Air pollution

Water potability requirements