FISIOLOGIA ANATOMIA E PATOLOGIA CLINICA

Learning Objectives

• HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY

  The course aims to provide students with basic knowledge of human Physiology such as the functioning of the various organs and apparatus of the human body. At the end of the course, students will have to prove both to know the basic principles that regulate normal and integrate functions among different human organs, as to have a good proficiency of general and more specific scientific terms.

• Clinical Pathology

  The course develops skills in the Clinical Pathology aiming to teach the student to apply, evaluate and interpret the laboratory tests used to study of the main diseases of the blood, alterations of the coagulative-fibrinolytic system, changes in liver and kidney function, some endocrinopathies.

Detailed Course Content

• HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY

  Cell membranes Mechanisms of transport and ion channels

  Nervous system General organizzation of the central, peripheral and vegetative nervous system. Properties of excitable membranes: potential of membrane and potential of action. Classification of nerve fibres.

  Muscles Organization of skeletal muscles. Excitation-Contraction Coupling, single muscle twitch and tetanus. Muscle metabolism. Motor unit. Smooth muscle: generalities,

  Synaptic transmission Neuromuscular and central synapses. Neurotransmtters.

  Sensorial receptors. Proprioceptive and exteroceptive sensibility.

  Spinal cord: mono- and polisynaptic reflex activity. Shock spinale

  Function of cerebellum, basal ganglia and cerebral cortex

  Cardiovascular System Properties of cardiac muscle. Aspecific and specific myocardium. Mechanic and electrical cardiac cycles. Coronary circulation. Vascular system: caracteristics of blood and blood vessels. Physical factors affecting blood flow. Laminar and urbulent blood flow. Laplace's law applied to vessels. Capillary changes. Functions of veins. Control of heart rate and blood pressure.

  Respiratory system Upper and lower airways. Mechanism of Breathing. Alveolar ventilation. Surfactant. Spirometry. Basic mechanism of gas exchanges among lungs, blood and tissues. Carriage of the respiratory gas in the blood.

  Urinary system Kidney homeostatic functions; kidney mechanisms: glomerular filtration; tubular absorption and secretion. Renal regulation of water, electrolyte and pH balance.

  Digestive system: Basic principles on motor,secretory and absorbent activities

• Clinical Pathology

  Laboratory analysis: definition, typology

  Collection and conservation of biological samples

  Preanalytical, analytical and biological variability

  Complete blood count test

  Plasma proteins and electrophoresis

  Hemostasis test

  Urine analysis and functional kidney test

  The functional liver test

  Diabetes: diagnosis and follow up test

  Thyroid Hormones

Textbook Information

• HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY

  1) “FISIOLOGIA DELL’UOMO” a cura di F. Conti Casa Editrice Edi- Ermes

  2) GANONG “FISIOLOGIA MEDICA” Casa Editrice Piccin

  3) L.S. COSTANZO "FISIOLOGIA" Casa Editrice Edra

  The student can choose any updated book on Human Physiology as long as in the examination he proves to have the knowledge required to pass the test

• Clinical Pathology

  1. Sacchetti L., Cavalcanti P. et. al. Medicina di laboratorio e diagnostica genetica. Sorbona

  2. Laposata M. Medicina di Laboratorio. Piccin

  3. Antonozzi I. Medicina di Laboratorio. Piccin

  4. Federici G. Medicina di Laboratorio. Mc Graw-Hill Companies

  5. Balestrieri et al. Diagnostica Molecolare nella Medicina di Laboratorio. Piccin