NUTRIZIONE E PATOLOGIE GASTROENTERICHE ONCOLOGICHE E CHIRURGICHE

Learning Objectives

• Gastroenterology

  The educational objectives of the teaching of Gastrointestinal Pathologies are the knowledge of epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, symptoms, and the complications of the main diseases of the digestive system. Furthermore, the relationships between gastroenterological pathologies and nutrition will be discussed.

• Nutrition, Oncological and Surgical Gastroenteric Diseases - Medical Oncology

  Students will have to describe the main mechanisms underlying cancer pathogenesis and will have to define the appropriate procedures required for the correct evaluation of cancer patients. Description of the current methodologies used to evaluate the nutritional status of neoplastic patients will also be required, in order to promptly recognize an initial malnutrition or a more serious cachexia. Students will also have to distinguish patients that should receive enteral nutrition from those that will require parenteral nutrition. Finally, nausea and vomiting induced by conventional chemotherapeutic drugs [CINV] will be discussed in great detail.

• SCIENZE TECNICHE E DIETETICHE APPLICATE

  After successful completion of this course, students will be able to identify mechanisms underlying genesis and progression of cancers and how they can be targeted by nutrition; recognize nutritional requirements of oncological patients and provide them with nutritional advice.

Course Structure

• Gastroenterology
  • If the teaching is given in a mixed or remote mode, the necessary changes may be introduced with respect to what was previously stated, in order to respect the program envisaged and reported in the syllabus.
  • Required prerequisites: knowledge of Cell Biology, Anatomy, Biochemistry, General Pathology, Human Physiology.
  • Frequency of lessons: mandatory.
  • Teaching material: the slides and guidelines used by the teacher during the lessons will be provided to students in PDF format
• Nutrition, Oncological and Surgical Gastroenteric Diseases - Medical Oncology

  Frontal Teaching and Interactive Discussions.

• SCIENZE TECNICHE E DIETETICHE APPLICATE
  • Should teaching be carried out in mixed mode or remotely, it may be necessary to introduce changes with respect to previous statements, in line with the programme planned and outlined in the syllabus.
  • Required prerequisites: knowledge of Cell Biology, Anatomy, Biochemistry, General Pathology, Human Physiology.
  • Frequency of lessons: mandatory

Detailed Course Content

• Gastroenterology
  • Outline of the main signs and symptoms of gastroenterological pathologies: chest pain, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, dyspepsia, constipation, diarrhea, jaundice, ascites, hematemesis, melaena, rectorrhagia, hematochezia.
  • Blood chemistry tests, imaging techniques and instrumental investigations in gastroenterology.
  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease and hiatal hernia; prevention and non-drug therapy of gastroesophageal reflux and esophagitis.
  • Helicobacter pylori pathologies. Acute and chronic gastritis. Drug gastropathies.
  • Peptic ulcer.
  • Celiac disease and malabsorption.
  • Chronic infectious and dysendocrine diarrhea.
  • Irritable bowel syndrome.
  • Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases: Crohn's disease, Ulcerative Rectum-Colitis and their complications
  • Diverticular disease of the colon.
  • Intestinal polyposis.
  • Hematochemical indices of liver function.
  • Hereditary hyperbilirubinemias.
  • Acute and chronic viral hepatitis.
  • Steatosis (NAFLD), Non alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
  • Alcohol liver disease.
  • Autoimmune diseases of the liver: autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, sclerosing cholangitis (outline).
  • Wilson's disease (outline). Hereditary hemochromatosis and secondary hepatic siderosis (outline).
  • Cirrhosis of the liver and its complications. Sarcopenia in the patient with liver cirrhosis.
  • Acute and chronic pancreatitis.
  • Causes of gastrointestinal bleeding.
• Nutrition, Oncological and Surgical Gastroenteric Diseases - Medical Oncology

  Tumor Biology

  • Oncogenes, Tumor Suppressor Genes
  • Stochastic Cancerogenesis and basic Knowledge of Cancer Stem Cells

   

  Diet and Cancer Prevention

  • Eating Risk Factors for the Most Common Forms of Cancer
  • Correct Diet and Cancer Prevention

   

  Diet Management in Cancer Patients

  • Cancer Patients and Malnutrition Risk: physiopathology, metabolic alterations and chemotherapy effects
  • Nutritional Status Evaluation in Cancer Patients

   

  Nutrition Principles During and After Cancer Treatments

  • Nausea and Vomiting Induced by Conventional Chemotherapeutic Drugs [CINV]
  • Enteral Nutrition
  • Parenteral Nutrition
  • Artificial Nutrition in Cancer Outpatients
• SCIENZE TECNICHE E DIETETICHE APPLICATE

  - Nutrition and cancer

  - Obesity, diabetes and cancer

  - Protein-calorie malnutrition in cancer: causes, consequences and management;

  - nutritional management of the patient with cancer;

  - prevention and nutritional management of oesophageal and stomach pathologies (including gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastritis);

  - nutritional management of the patient with inflammatory bowel diseases (ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease), diverticular diseases, irritable bowel syndrome;

  - prevention and nutritional management of chronic liver diseases;

  - obesity and nutritional management of the patient undergoing bariatric surgery.

Textbook Information

• Gastroenterology

  1. Manuale di Gastroenterologia, UNIGASTRO, Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana, edizione 2020-2023

  2. Harrison - Manuale di Medicina - Edizione 19^ - 2017 - Casa Editrice Ambrosiana CEA

• Nutrition, Oncological and Surgical Gastroenteric Diseases - Medical Oncology
  1. Linee Guida AIOM-SINPE per la Nutrizione nel Paziente Oncologico - 2016 - AIOM-SINPE
  2. Linee d'Indirizzo Percorsi Nutrizionali nel Paziente Oncologico - 2017 - Ministero dello Salute
  3. Nutrition in Cancer Care - 2017 - National Cancer Institute
• SCIENZE TECNICHE E DIETETICHE APPLICATE
  • Vignozzi-Leandro, Lineamenti di dietoterapia e nutrizione clinica, Il Pensiero sCientifico Editore
  • Teaching material: the slides and guidelines used by the teacher during the lessons will be provided to students in PDF format